Basic Arithmetic Operations
These formulas allow you to perform simple mathematical calculations in Excel.
| Operation |
Formula |
Example |
| Addition |
=A2 + B2 |
=5 + 3 → 8 |
| Subtraction |
=A2 – B2 |
=10 – 4 → 6 |
| Multiplication |
=A2 * B2 |
=6 * 2 → 12 |
| Division |
=A2 / B2 |
=15 / 5 → 3 |
| Exponentiation |
=A2 ^ B2 |
=2 ^ 3 → 8 |
Example Table in Excel
| A |
B |
Formula Used |
Result |
| 5 |
3 |
=A2+B2 |
8 |
| 10 |
4 |
=A3-B3 |
6 |
| 6 |
2 |
=A4*B4 |
12 |
| 15 |
5 |
=A5/B5 |
3 |
| 2 |
3 |
=A6^B6 |
8 |
Summation and Averages
- Sum of a Range: =SUM(A2:A6) → Adds all numbers in the range.
- Average of a Range: =AVERAGE(A2:A6) → Returns the average value.
- Counting Numbers: =COUNT(A2:A6) → Counts only numerical values.
- Counting Non-Empty Cells: =COUNTA(A2:A6) → Counts both numbers and text.
Example Table
| A |
B |
Formula Used |
Result |
| 5 |
10 |
=SUM(A2:A6) |
38 |
| 10 |
15 |
=AVERAGE(A2:A6) |
7.6 |
| 6 |
20 |
=COUNT(A2:A6) |
5 |
| 15 |
(empty) |
=COUNTA(A2:A6) |
5 |
Rounding Functions
- Round to 2 decimal places: =ROUND(A2,2)
- Round Up: =ROUNDUP(A2,2)
- Round Down: =ROUNDDOWN(A2,2)
Example Table
| A |
Formula Used |
Result |
| 12.3456 |
=ROUND(A2,2) |
12.35 |
| 9.8765 |
=ROUNDUP(A3,2) |
9.88 |
| 7.6543 |
=ROUNDDOWN(A4,2) |
7.65 |
Finding Minimum and Maximum Values
- Minimum value in a range: =MIN(A2:A6)
- Maximum value in a range: =MAX(A2:A6)
Example Table
| A |
Formula Used |
Result |
| 5 |
=MIN(A2:A6) |
2 |
| 10 |
=MAX(A2:A6) |
15 |
Absolute Value
- Find absolute number: =ABS(A2)
Example Table
| A |
Formula Used |
Result |
| -10 |
=ABS(A2) |
10 |
| 15 |
=ABS(A3) |
15 |
| -25 |
=ABS(A4) |
25 |
Modulus and Integer Division
- Modulus (Remainder of division): =MOD(A2, B2)
- Integer Division (Quotient only): =QUOTIENT(A2, B2)
Example Table
| A |
B |
Formula Used |
Result |
| 10 |
3 |
=MOD(A2,B2) |
1 |
| 15 |
4 |
=QUOTIENT(A3,B3) |
3 |
Generating Random Numbers
- Random number between 0 and 1: =RAND()
- Random integer in a range: =RANDBETWEEN(1, 100)
Example Outputs
| Formula Used |
Example Output |
| =RAND() |
0.7283 |
| =RANDBETWEEN(1, 100) |
57 |